Status of Elk Habitat 1999 in North America - Montana
Kirk M. Horn, Project Coordinator
LIMITING FACTORS
Introduction
Table of Contents
Identification Information
Data Quality Information
Spatial Data Organization Information
Spatial Reference Information
Entity and Attribute Information
Distribution Information
Metadata Reference Information
IDENTIFICATION_INFORMATION
Citation
Citation_Information
Originator: Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation
Publication_Date: 19990201
Title: Limiting Factors
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Map
Publication_Information
Publication_Place: Missoula, Montana
Publisher: Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation
Larger_Work_Citation
Citation_Information
Originator: Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation
Publication_Date: 19990201
Title: Status of Elk Habitat Project
Publication_Information
Publication_Place: Missoula, Montana
Publisher: Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation
Other_Citation_Details:
In keeping with the Mission of the Rocky Mountain Elk
Foundation to "ensure the future of elk, other
wildlife and their habitat", The Status of North
American Elk Habitat Project is a cooperative effort,
sponsored by the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation and
USDA, Forest Service, Northern Region to produce
comprehensive information about North American elk
habitat. Elk winter and summer range, important
habitat features and limiting factors have been
subjectively drawn on a 1:250,000 scale map and
digitized into a geographic information system (GIS)
map, state by state across land ownerships and
jurisdictions in the United States. For the Canadian
Provinces, the GIS map scale was 1:1,000,000.
The Status of North American Elk Habitat Project is not
intended for commercial or private use, but to provide
resource managers from State and Federal Agencies,
Tribal Nations, Canadian Provinces and other wildlife
conservation and management interests with a current,
efficient and simple GIS tool to assist with habitat
management. Uses such as the development of
conservation easements, land acquisition and exchange,
conservation education and habitat management are a
few examples of the long term and collective
opportunities to address habitat conservation from the
"big picture", mid-scale perspective.
Copyright © 1997 by the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation.
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be
reproduced in any form, including via an information
storage and retrieval system or transmittal in any
form by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior
written permission of the Rocky Mountain Elk
Foundation. All requests for permission to reproduce
material from this work should be directed to
Conservation Programs Director, Rocky Mountain Elk
Foundation, P.O. Box 8249, Missoula, MT 59807-8249.
The author and publisher may allow reproduction of
material from this work, upon written permission, for
the purposes of assisting public resource managers and
furthering the knowledge of wildlife and habitat
management in academic settings. No material from
this work may be reproduced for commercial purposes.
Description
Abstract:
This map layer represents limiting factors for elk in
the state of Montana. Issues which presently or in the
near term (3-5 years) may effect elk habitat and elk
management at landscape and/or herd unit levels.
Categories may include: Domestic livestock forage competition,
habitat succession, urban sprawl/habitat conversion, public
recreation use, increased road densities, riparian impacts,
timber harvest impacts, depredation, artificial feeding.
In keeping with the Mission of the Rocky Mountain Elk
Foundation to "ensure the future of elk, other
wildlife and their habitat", The Status of North
American Elk Habitat Project is a cooperative effort,
sponsored by the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation and
USDA, Forest Service, Northern Region to produce
comprehensive information about North American elk
habitat. Elk winter and summer range, important
habitat features and limiting factors have been
subjectively drawn on a 1:250,000 scale map, state by
state across land ownerships and jurisdictions in the
United States. For the Canadian Provinces, the GIS
map scale is 1:1,000,000.
The Status of North American Elk Habitat Project is not
intended for commercial or private use, but to provide
resource managers from State and Federal Agencies,
Tribal Nations, Canadian Provinces and other wildlife
conservation and management interests with a current,
efficient and simple GIS tool to assist with habitat
management. Uses such as the development of
conservation easements, land acquisition and exchange,
conservation education and habitat management are a
few examples of the long term and collective
opportunities to address habitat conservation from the
"big picture", mid-scale perspective.
Cooperators in this project include State Wildlife
Management Agencies, Federal Resource Management
Agencies such as U.S.D.A., Forest Service and
U.S.D.I., Bureau of Land Management, Tribal Nations
and Canadian Resource Ministries from six Provinces.
Purpose:
The Status of North American Elk Habitat Project is not
intended for commercial or private use, but to provide
resource managers from State and Federal Agencies,
Tribal Nations, Canadian Provinces and other wildlife
conservation and management interests with a current,
efficient and simple GIS tool to assist with habitat
management. Uses such as the development of
conservation easements, land acquisition and exchange,
conservation education and habitat management are a
few examples of the long term and collective
opportunities to address habitat conservation from the
"big picture", mid-scale perspective.
Time_Period_of_Content
Time_Period_Information
Range_of_Dates/Times
Beginning_Date: 19961016
Ending_Date: 19990201
Currentness_Reference: Publication date
Status
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: Five years
Spatial_Domain
Bounding_Coordinates
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -116.1701
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -103.8167
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 49.0230
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 44.3087
Keywords
Theme
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: Elk
Theme_Keyword: Wildlife
Theme_Keyword: Habitat
Place
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: Montana
Access_Constraints:
Copyright © 1997 by the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation.
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be
reproduced in any form,including via an information
storage and retrieval system or transmittal in any
form by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior
written permission of the Rocky Mountain Elk
Foundation. All requests for permission to reproduce
material from this work should be directed to
Conservation Programs Director, Rocky Mountain Elk
Foundation, P.O. Box 8249, Missoula, MT 59807-8249.
The author and publisher may allow reproduction of
material from this work, upon written permission, for
the purposes of assisting public resource managers and
furthering the knowledge of wildlife and habitat
management in academic settings. No material from this
work may be reproduced for commercial purposes.
Use_Constraints:
Copyright © 1997 by the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation.
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be
reproduced in any form,including via an information
storage and retrieval system or transmittal in any
form by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior
written permission of the Rocky Mountain Elk
Foundation. All requests for permission to reproduce
material from this work should be directed to
Conservation Programs Director, Rocky Mountain Elk
Foundation, P.O. Box 8249, Missoula, MT 59807-8249.
The author and publisher may allow reproduction of
material from this work, upon written permission, for
the purposes of assisting public resource managers and
furthering the knowledge of wildlife and habitat
management in academic settings. No material from this
work may be reproduced for commercial purposes.
Point_of_Contact
Contact_Information
Contact_Organization_Primary
Contact_Organization: Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation
Contact_Person: Kevin Lackey
Contact_Position: Director of Conservation Programs
Contact_Address
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 2291 W. Broadway, P.O. Box 8249
City: Missoula
State_or_Province: Montana
Postal_Code: 59802
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone:
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone:
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: lackey@rmef.org
Hours_of_Service: 8:00am - 5:00pm Monday-Friday
Native_Data_Set_Environment
ArcView version 3.1
d:\projects\rmef\winterhab.shp
DATA_QUALITY_INFORMATION
Attribute_Accuracy
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
The identification of polygons and attributes attached
to them was done by subjective professional judgement
of individual wildlife biologists. The criteria for
mapping is described below. Each participating
biologist was provided with these instructions.
Mapping was applied to occupied elk habitat defined as
habitat where elk regularly are known to occur at the
present time and are recognized and managed
inclusively as part of the biotic community.
Summer Range (marked in green) That part of the overall
range where 90 percent of the individuals are traditionally located
between spring green-up and the first heavy snowfall.
Summer range is not necessarily exclusive of winter
range: in some areas summer and winter range may
overlap.
Crucial Summer Range (marked in green) That
part of the mid-June to mid-August summer range where elk
concentrations are about double
(200 percent) the surrounding elk densities. Areas important
for lactating females, calf-rearing, antler growth and
other functions requiring high quality forage and
security should be considered.
Winter Range (marked in red) That part of the overall
range where 90% percent of the individuals are located during
the average five winters out of ten from the first
heavy snowfall to spring green-up.
Crucial Winter Range (marked in
red) That part of the winter range where 90 percent of
the individuals are located when the annual snowpack
is at its maximum and/or temperatures are at a minumum
in the two worst winters out of ten.
Other Important Habitat Areas (marked in blue as subset
of winter or summer range)
Specific, mappable sites within the overall range
traditionally occupied by calving cow elk from May 15
to June 15, or migratory corridors through which large
numbers of animals seasonally move; the loss or
alteration of which would manifest itself negatively
for long term herd productivity and/or management
Limiting Factors (as codes drawn in the color of the
appropriate map layer , red, green or blue)
Issues which presently or in the near term (3-5 years)
may affect elk habitat and elk management at landscape
and or herd unit levels. Categories may include:
domestic livestock forage competition, habitat
succession, urban sprawl and habitat conversion, public
recreation use, increased road densities, riparian
impacts, timber harvest impacts, depredation and
artificial feeding.
CRITERIA
The biologists were asked to map elk habitats,
regardless of jurisdiction or ownership boundaries,
using of medium tip "Flair" pens or the equivalent.
They drew summer and winter range on the map with their
respective colors(green and red) as defined. The
minimum size for any area mapped is one (1) square
mile. Delineated areas were supposed to address
currently occupied habitats; the species annual
biological habitat needs were to have been be
emphasized over jurisdiction or ownership boundaries
for this project's objectives. Biologists then drew,
within the larger areas of winter and summer range,
any smaller areas of crucial habitats as defined.
Maintain the same green-summer, red-winter color
scheme and place an appropriately colored "C" in the
smaller area. Minimum area size for the subsets is one
(1) square mile. Delineated, if applicable, any
special or important areas as defined in blue.
Parturition areas of initialized with a blue "P",
migratory corridors are initialized with a blue "X".
Minimum area size is one (1) square mile. For each
polygon, indicated up to three, subjectively-based
"most likely Limiting factors", if applicable, from the
below list.
In addition to the limiting factors mapped in the
Montana collaborative workshops, the Montana
Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks also had their
biologists indicate limiting factors for elk
management units under their jurisdiction. These were
mapped on 8" x 11" maps of management units. These
limiting factors were attributed on the elk management
unit layer whiuch was unioned with the winter and
summer range. The intersections of these map layers
allowed operators to assign the limiting factors
originally assigned to EMU's to the previously mapped
polygons.
LIMITING FACTOR CODE, LIMITING FACTOR CATEGORY
0, Domestic livestock forage competition
1, Habitat succession/ maturation
2, Urban sprawl
3, Public land habitat availability
4, Increased road densities
5, Riparian impacts
6, Timber harvest impacts
7, Depredation
8, Limited private land access
9, Artificial feeding
A, Habitat conversion
B, Social carrying capacity exceeded
D, Late seral stages needed
E, Special Situation. Habitat where elk populations may
occur, intermittently, in small numbers. In some
instances, the public may receive wildlife viewing,
photographic or consumptive recreation value from the
present population. However, land ownership, social
carrying capacity consideration and small size or
configuration of the land base is not suitable to
manage for increasing elk populations at the present
time. Wildlife management agencies may not be
emphasizing elk habitat or population management and
may not be budgeting or conducting public involvement
for administrative purposes.
LIMITING FACTOR EXAMPLES AND POTENTIAL RMEF/PARTNERS MITIGATION ACTIONS
Domestic Livestock Competition: inadequate range
utilization, forage production downturn
Actions: Seedings/fertilizations, water developments,
pasture fencing, prescribed burns
Habitat Succession/Maturation: canopy closure, seral
stage advancement, mature forage height
Actions: Prescribed burns, mechanical forage
manipulations
Urban Sprawl/Habitat Conversion: human habitat
encroachment, detrimental land use changes
Actions: Acquisitions, conservation easements, land
exchanges
Public Land Availability: shortage of public lands to
actively manage habitat for expanded herds
Actions: Acquisitions, conservation easements, land
exchanges
Increased Road Densities: motorized access, lower
habitat effectiveness and elk security
Actions: road closures, access information campaigns, road
removal/rehabilitation
Riparian Impacts: concentrated animal groups, habitat
overutilization
Actions: off-site forage enhancements, water
developments, riparian fencing
Timber Harvest Impacts: increased open road densities,
vegetation quality/quantity
Actions: road closures, seedings, fertilizations
Depredation: fence damage, standing forage loss,
haystack damage
Actions: public lands habitat enhancement, private lands
habitat enhancement
Limited Private Land Access: private lands block public
land hunt access, "refuge" situations
Actions: conservation easements, access easements
Artificial Feeding: public agency supplemental feeding,
private lands "emergency" feeding
Actions: fertilization, seedings, prescribed burns,
mechanical manipulations
Habitat conversion: e.g. burning, disking, herbicide
treatment...
Action: plant management actions which modify the
vegetative cover and possibly other environmental
aspects.
Social carrying capacity exceeded: i.e. low landowner
tolerance.
Action: collaborative agreements with land
owners/agencies providing monetary advantages or other
satisfactory results, modified management strategies.
Late seral stages needed: e.g. to increase hiding
and/or thermal cover
Action: collaborative management to increase late
successional stages.
Special Situation: The concern exists that "Special
Situation" habitat may draw attention to fringe areas
which may be high profile but expensive and provide
little return to the States/Provinces elk
population/habitat production and potential. However,
under the current situation of status quo, the
existing land base, elk population and public
acceptance and use could remain stable for an extended
period of time.
Action: social/political and economic considerations
may warrant the formation of partnership which can
provide opportunities to maintain "Special Situation"
habitat and/or improve it.
PROCESS
In some instances the mapping was done individually and
in others it was done in collaborative workshops.
Difference of opinion, particularly relating to
limiting factors to elk habitat were represented in
the maps. Each participating agency has a different
mandate, and the management objectives arising from
these mandates influence the biologists perception of
these limiting factors. When different biologists
assigned different polygon boundaries, the cumulative
extent (outer-most boundaries) were used. To
accomplish this a series of ARC/INFO process steps
resulted in a union of each different source map and
subsequent dissolving of all interior polygon
boundaries. Winter range polygons were attributed with
a consistent color and letter scheme in the mapping
directions. All attributes were double checked with a
100% coverage by a different operator than the
digitizer. Source maps are available, stored at the
Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation. Margin notes and
annotation provided on the maps were not transcribed.
Prior to dissolving winter range polygons an interim
GIS map coverage was created with variables tracking
source polygons and all database attributes. The Rocky
Mountain Elk Foundation chose to minimize database
attributes by splitting each polygon theme out as an
individual map coverage or shapefile, and dissolve all
internal lines.
Logical_Consistency_Report:
Polygon and arc-node topology were created and carried
over in converting native ARC/INFO coverages to
ARC/INFO Shapefiles
Completeness_Report:
The spatial resolution of this data was mapped on two
paper sources. Some portions of the state were
incomplete. The list below provides a summary of map
layers and map sources provided by Montana wildlife
biologists cooperating in the project. Consistent
color coding and attributing was asked of all
biologists, but no specific business rules were
provided to the biologists to restrict the polygon size
and shape. As a result, there is some variance in the
size and shape of habitat polygons between different
geographic areas and administrative jurisdictions.
HABITAT MAPS RECEIVED FROM
FWP Region 1
FWP Region 2- no limiting factors
FWP Region 3
FWP Region 4 - no limiting factors
FWP Region 5- no limiting factors
FWP Region 6&7- no limiting factors
Bitterroot National Forest
Custer National Forest- no limiting factors
Gallatin National Forest
Helena National Forest- no limiting factors
Lewis & Clark National Forest
Lolo National Forest
Charles M. Russell National Wildlife Refuge
Crow-Northern Cheyenne Tribe
Flathead National Forest (digital files in ARC/INFO format,
no data provided
Beaverhead National Forest (digital files in ARC/INFO format,
no meta data provided)
Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes (digital files in
ARC/INFO format, metadata provided in paper form. Original
metadata is on file at the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation)
FWP - all regions - base maps provided by Kalispell Office
(digital files in ARC?INFO format. Original metadata
is on file at the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation)
MAP SOURCES - all maps are paper unless noted
FWP Region 1
250K: RMEF Base map (2)
125K: Rexford Ranger District Road Access map
FWP Region 2
250K: RMEF Base map (1)
FWP Region 3
250K: RMEF Base map (3)
FWP Region 4
250K: RMEF Base map (2)
100K: BLM Surface Management Status map - Great Falls
(xerox copy of portion)
100K: BLM Surface Management Status map - Canyon Ferry
(xerox copy of portion)
FWP Region 5
250K: RMEF Base map (1)
FWP Region 6&7
250K: RMEF Base map (1)
100K: BLM Surface Management Status map - Melstone
Bitterroot National Forest
100K: BLM Surface Management Status map - Hamilton, Nez Perce
Pass, Wisdom
Custer National Forest
100K: BLM Surface Management Status map - Lame Deer, Ekalaka,
Powderville, Broadus, Birney
Gallatin National Forest
100K: BLM Surface Management Status map - Big Timber
Helena National Forest & Deerlodge National Forest
100K: BLM Surface Management Status map - Elliston, Townsend,
Butte N., Butte S., Canyon Ferry, Dearborn, Philipsburg
Lewis & Clark National Forest
Unknown Scale: Lewis & Clark National Forest plots (6-mylar)
Lolo National Forest
100K: BLM Surface Management Status map - Missoula W, Plains,
Wallace, Thompson Falls, Missoula East, Seeley Lake
Charles M. Russell National Wildlife Refuge
100K: BLM Surface Management Status map - Fort Peck Lake East,
Fort Peck Lake West, Sand Springs, Zortman
Revisions on 250K: RMEF Base map (2)
Crow-Northern Cheyenne Tribe
250K: RMEF Base map (1)
Revisions on 250K: RMEF Base map (2)
Positional_Accuracy
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
The source maps for this project were mapped at two
scales, 1:100,000 and 1:250,000. In some cases
agencies provided digital source data and paper plots
at various scales. Some maps were folded and mailed.
All maps received in non-digital form were digitized
with registration tolerances not exceeding the
following: skew error less than 0.1% and scale mismatch
less than 0.3%. If a map exceeded these tolerances, it
was registered up to three times and error accepted if
the error factors were consistent.
Vertical_Positional_Accuracy
Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
There were no vertical attributes in these files.
Lineage
Source_Information
Source_Citation
Citation_Information
Originator: Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation
Publication_Date: 19990201
Title: Status of North American Elk Habitat Project
Edition: First
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map
Publication_Information
Publication_Place: Missoula, Montana
Publisher: Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation
Source_Scale_Denominator: 250,000
Type_of_Source_Media: Paper
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 19961016
Ending_Date: 19990201
Source_Currentness_Reference: Date of publication
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: ARC/INFO Shapefile
Source_Contribution:
The RMEF extends our sincere thank you to the many
staff members of State Wildlife Management Agencies,
Federal Resource Management Agencies such as U.S.
D.A., Forest Service and U.S.D.I., Bureau of Land
Management, Tribal Nations and Canadian Resource
Ministries from six Provinces for their tremendous
cooperation in the production of The Status of North
American Elk Habitat Project. Elk habitat was mapped by
over fifty wildlife biologists in Montana in
individual and collaborative sessions.
Base maps, digitizing and GIS processing was conducted
by Geodata Services, Inc., Missoula, Montana.
Process_Step
Process_Description:
The 1:250,000 scale maps used in this project were
created by Geodata Services, Inc. The intent of the
base maps were to provide a visual reference, with
information needed by the field biologist, but a
minimal amount of clutter. The base maps included
shade relief depicting topography, rivers, streams and
lake edges, major highways, towns and places, county
lines and ocean where applicable (not applicable in
Montana). The shaded relief maps were based on Defense
Mapping Agency (DMA)1:250,000 scale digital
elevation model (DEM) files which have a 90 percent
probability of 30 meter accuracy. See also
http://edcwww.cr.usgs.gov/glis/hyper/guide/1_dgr_dem
for further descriptions of this base data. A color
shaded relief map was created for each map tile using
the default ARC/INFO hillshade command. The shaded
relief map was developed with a color ramp depicting
elevation strata. The AML was based on the RELIEF.AML
provided by Jeffery S. Nighbert, Bureau of Land
Management, 1515SW 5th Ave., Portland, Oregon 97208,
phone 503-952-6399, email: jnighber@or.blm.gov. The
AML used in this process is on file at the Rocky
Mountain Elk Foundation. Streams, rivers and lake
edges were plotted from three hydrography data sets
(preliminary RF3, at a scale of 1:100,000) data
provided by the Northwest Office of the EPA. These
data sets were unofficial, but provided enough detail
and accuracy to provide a frame of reference for the
biologists to locate themselves on the map. The three
data sets included the Pacific Northwest data, the
Western data set and the Eastern dataset. Some
overlap existed in the datasets and some errors were
apparent. Before plotting the hydrography, streams
with line segments longer than 4,500 meters were
selected to provide map text and annotation (otherwise
the amount of text would have overwhelmed everything
else). Towns and cities were obtained from the
Geographic Names Information System. County boundaries
major roads and highways were plotted using the sample
data sets that accompany Arcview, an ESRI software
product.
These base maps were 34" x 48" ("map" dimensions
actually about 32" x 40"), in a map tile
structure based on aggregates of 1:250,000 US
Geological Survey map tiles. Two of the DMA DEM
files comprise one USGS map tile at that scale. The
map tiles used for this project comprised two USGS map
tiles (orfour DEM tiles). Each base map was uniquely
numbered and an index map was developed for the
contiguous US. This map is on file at the Rocky
Mountain Elk Foundation.
Process_Date: 19990201
Process_Contact
Contact_Information
Contact_Person_Primary
Contact_Organization: Geodata Services, Inc.
Contact_Person: Ken Wall
Contact_Position: President
Contact_Address
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 104 South Ave. E.
City: Missoula
State_or_Province: Montana
Postal_Code: 59801
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (406) 721-8865
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (406) 721-1023
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: kwall@geodata-mt.com
Hours_of_Service: 8am-5pm, Monday - Friday
SPATIAL_DATA_ORGANIZATION_INFORMATION
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector
Point_and_Vector_Object_Information
SDTS_Terms_Description
SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: GT-polygon composed of chains
Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 341
SPATIAL_REFERENCE_INFORMATION
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition
Planar
Map_Projection
Map_Projection_Name: Albers Conical Equal Area
Albers_Conical_Equal_Area:
1st_Standard_Parallel: 46:00:00
2nd_Standard_Parallel: 48:00:00
Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -109:30:00
Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 44:15:00
False_Easting: 600000
False_Northing: 0
Planar_Coordinate_Information
Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: Coordinate pair
Coordinate_Representation:
Abscissa_Resolution:
Ordinate_Resolution:
Planar_Distance_Units: Meters
Geodetic_Model
Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum 1927
Ellipsoid_Name: Clarke 1866
Semi-major_Axis: 6378206.4
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 294.98
ENTITY_AND_ATTRIBUTE_INFORMATION
Detailed_Description
Entity_Type
Entity_Type_Label: winterhab.dbf
Entity_Type_Definition: Shapefile Attribute Table
Entity_Type_Definition_Source: None
Attribute
Attribute_Label: Area
Attribute_Definition: Area of polygon
Attribute_Definition_Source: Software computed
Attribute_Domain_Values
Range_Domain
Range_Domain_Minimum: 262.96604
Range_Domain_Maximum: 12700849739.16637
Attribute
Attribute_Label: Perimeter
Attribute_Definition: Perimeter of polygon
Attribute_Definition_Source: Software computed
Attribute_Domain_Values
Range_Domain
Range_Domain_Minimum: 100.92706
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1173791.48615
Attribute
Attribute_Label: Winterdp_
Attribute_Definition: ARC/INFO System Variable - Internal ID
Attribute_Definition_Source: User Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values
Range_Domain
Range_Domain_Minimum: 2
Range_Domain_Maximum: 342
Attribute
Attribute_Label: Winterdp_i
Attribute_Definition: ARC/INFO System Attribute - Unique identifier
Attribute_Definition_Source: User Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values
Range_Domain
Range_Domain_Minimum: 1
Range_Domain_Maximum: 341
Attribute
Attribute_Label: Hab
Attribute_Definition: Winter Range Habitat
Attribute_Definition_Source: User Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values
Unrepresentable_Domain: Character field
DISTRIBUTION_INFORMATION
Distributor
Contact_Information
Contact_Organization_Primary
Contact_Organization: Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation
Contact_Person: Kevin Lackey
Contact_Position: Director of Conservation Programs
Contact_Address
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 2291 W. Broadway, P.O. Box 8429
City: Missoula
State_or_Province: Montana
Postal_Code: 59802
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (406) 523-4500
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (406) 523-4581
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: lackey@rmef.org
Hours_of_Service: 8am-5pm , Monday - Friday
Resource_Description:
Status of Elk Habitat-Montana
Distribution_Liability:
Users must assume responsibility to determine the
accuracy of this data for their purposes. This data
set is to be used as a primary reference source.
Photographic or digital enlargement of this map to
scales greater than 1:250,000 can cause
misrepresentation of the data. If enlarged, the maps
will not include the fine detail that would be
appropriate for mapping at the large scale. No
warranty expressed or implied is made by the Rocky
Mountain Elk Foundation or Geodata Services, Inc.
regarding the utility of the data on any other system,
nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such
warranty. The Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation, nor
Geodata Services, Inc. are liable for misuse of the
data. Nor are they liable for damage, transmission of
viruses, or computer contamination through the
distribution of these data sets.
Copyright © 1997 by the Rocky Mountain Elk
Foundation. All rights reserved. No part of this work
may be reproduced in any form, including via an
information storage and retrieval system or
transmittal in any form by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise,
without prior written permission of the Rocky Mountain
Elk Foundation. All requests for permission to
reproduce material from this work should be directed to
Conservation Programs Director, Rocky Mountain Elk
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Users must assume responsibility to determine the
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Elk Foundation. All requests for permission to
reproduce material from this work should be directed to
Conservation Programs Director, Rocky Mountain Elk
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author and publisher may allow reproduction of
material from this work, upon written permission, for
the purposes of assisting public resource managers and
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management in academic settings. No material from this
work may be reproduced for commercial purposes.
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Metadata_Date: 19990201
Metadata_Review_Date: 20040201
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Contact_Information
Contact_Organization_Primary
Contact_Organization: Geodata Services, Inc.
Contact_Person: Ken Wall
Contact_Position: President
Contact_Address
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 104 South Ave. E.
City: Missoula
State_or_Province: Montana
Postal_Code: 59801
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (406) 721-8865
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (406) 721-1023
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: kwall@geodata-mt.com
Hours_of_Service: 8am-5pm Monday - Friday
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Meta
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998