Status of Elk Habitat 1999 in North America - Montana Kirk M. Horn, Project Coordinator LIMITING FACTORS
Introduction Table of Contents Identification Information Data Quality Information Spatial Data Organization Information Spatial Reference Information Entity and Attribute Information Distribution Information Metadata Reference Information
IDENTIFICATION_INFORMATION Citation Citation_Information Originator: Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation Publication_Date: 19990201 Title: Limiting Factors Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Map Publication_Information Publication_Place: Missoula, Montana Publisher: Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation Larger_Work_Citation Citation_Information Originator: Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation Publication_Date: 19990201 Title: Status of Elk Habitat Project Publication_Information Publication_Place: Missoula, Montana Publisher: Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation Other_Citation_Details: In keeping with the Mission of the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation to "ensure the future of elk, other wildlife and their habitat", The Status of North American Elk Habitat Project is a cooperative effort, sponsored by the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation and USDA, Forest Service, Northern Region to produce comprehensive information about North American elk habitat. Elk winter and summer range, important habitat features and limiting factors have been subjectively drawn on a 1:250,000 scale map and digitized into a geographic information system (GIS) map, state by state across land ownerships and jurisdictions in the United States. For the Canadian Provinces, the GIS map scale was 1:1,000,000.
The Status of North American Elk Habitat Project is not intended for commercial or private use, but to provide resource managers from State and Federal Agencies, Tribal Nations, Canadian Provinces and other wildlife conservation and management interests with a current, efficient and simple GIS tool to assist with habitat management. Uses such as the development of conservation easements, land acquisition and exchange, conservation education and habitat management are a few examples of the long term and collective opportunities to address habitat conservation from the "big picture", mid-scale perspective.
Copyright © 1997 by the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced in any form, including via an information storage and retrieval system or transmittal in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation. All requests for permission to reproduce material from this work should be directed to Conservation Programs Director, Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation, P.O. Box 8249, Missoula, MT 59807-8249.
The author and publisher may allow reproduction of material from this work, upon written permission, for the purposes of assisting public resource managers and furthering the knowledge of wildlife and habitat management in academic settings. No material from this work may be reproduced for commercial purposes. Description Abstract: This map layer represents limiting factors for elk in the state of Montana. Issues which presently or in the near term (3-5 years) may effect elk habitat and elk management at landscape and/or herd unit levels. Categories may include: Domestic livestock forage competition, habitat succession, urban sprawl/habitat conversion, public recreation use, increased road densities, riparian impacts, timber harvest impacts, depredation, artificial feeding.
In keeping with the Mission of the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation to "ensure the future of elk, other wildlife and their habitat", The Status of North American Elk Habitat Project is a cooperative effort, sponsored by the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation and USDA, Forest Service, Northern Region to produce comprehensive information about North American elk habitat. Elk winter and summer range, important habitat features and limiting factors have been subjectively drawn on a 1:250,000 scale map, state by state across land ownerships and jurisdictions in the United States. For the Canadian Provinces, the GIS map scale is 1:1,000,000.
The Status of North American Elk Habitat Project is not intended for commercial or private use, but to provide resource managers from State and Federal Agencies, Tribal Nations, Canadian Provinces and other wildlife conservation and management interests with a current, efficient and simple GIS tool to assist with habitat management. Uses such as the development of conservation easements, land acquisition and exchange, conservation education and habitat management are a few examples of the long term and collective opportunities to address habitat conservation from the "big picture", mid-scale perspective.
Cooperators in this project include State Wildlife Management Agencies, Federal Resource Management Agencies such as U.S.D.A., Forest Service and U.S.D.I., Bureau of Land Management, Tribal Nations and Canadian Resource Ministries from six Provinces.
Purpose:
The Status of North American Elk Habitat Project is not intended for commercial or private use, but to provide resource managers from State and Federal Agencies, Tribal Nations, Canadian Provinces and other wildlife conservation and management interests with a current, efficient and simple GIS tool to assist with habitat management. Uses such as the development of conservation easements, land acquisition and exchange, conservation education and habitat management are a few examples of the long term and collective opportunities to address habitat conservation from the "big picture", mid-scale perspective.
Time_Period_of_Content Time_Period_Information Range_of_Dates/Times Beginning_Date: 19961016 Ending_Date: 19990201 Currentness_Reference: Publication date Status Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: Five years Spatial_Domain Bounding_Coordinates West_Bounding_Coordinate: -116.1701 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -103.8167 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 49.0230 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 44.3087 Keywords Theme Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: Elk Theme_Keyword: Wildlife Theme_Keyword: Habitat Place Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: Montana Access_Constraints: Copyright © 1997 by the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced in any form,including via an information storage and retrieval system or transmittal in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation. All requests for permission to reproduce material from this work should be directed to Conservation Programs Director, Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation, P.O. Box 8249, Missoula, MT 59807-8249. The author and publisher may allow reproduction of material from this work, upon written permission, for the purposes of assisting public resource managers and furthering the knowledge of wildlife and habitat management in academic settings. No material from this work may be reproduced for commercial purposes.
Use_Constraints:
Copyright © 1997 by the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced in any form,including via an information storage and retrieval system or transmittal in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation. All requests for permission to reproduce material from this work should be directed to Conservation Programs Director, Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation, P.O. Box 8249, Missoula, MT 59807-8249. The author and publisher may allow reproduction of material from this work, upon written permission, for the purposes of assisting public resource managers and furthering the knowledge of wildlife and habitat management in academic settings. No material from this work may be reproduced for commercial purposes.
Point_of_Contact Contact_Information Contact_Organization_Primary Contact_Organization: Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation Contact_Person: Kevin Lackey Contact_Position: Director of Conservation Programs Contact_Address Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 2291 W. Broadway, P.O. Box 8249 City: Missoula State_or_Province: Montana Postal_Code: 59802 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: lackey@rmef.org Hours_of_Service: 8:00am - 5:00pm Monday-Friday Native_Data_Set_Environment ArcView version 3.1 d:\projects\rmef\winterhab.shp
DATA_QUALITY_INFORMATION Attribute_Accuracy Attribute_Accuracy_Report: The identification of polygons and attributes attached to them was done by subjective professional judgement of individual wildlife biologists. The criteria for mapping is described below. Each participating biologist was provided with these instructions. Mapping was applied to occupied elk habitat defined as habitat where elk regularly are known to occur at the present time and are recognized and managed inclusively as part of the biotic community.
Summer Range (marked in green) That part of the overall range where 90 percent of the individuals are traditionally located between spring green-up and the first heavy snowfall. Summer range is not necessarily exclusive of winter range: in some areas summer and winter range may overlap. Crucial Summer Range (marked in green) That part of the mid-June to mid-August summer range where elk concentrations are about double (200 percent) the surrounding elk densities. Areas important for lactating females, calf-rearing, antler growth and other functions requiring high quality forage and security should be considered. Winter Range (marked in red) That part of the overall range where 90% percent of the individuals are located during the average five winters out of ten from the first heavy snowfall to spring green-up. Crucial Winter Range (marked in red) That part of the winter range where 90 percent of the individuals are located when the annual snowpack is at its maximum and/or temperatures are at a minumum in the two worst winters out of ten. Other Important Habitat Areas (marked in blue as subset of winter or summer range) Specific, mappable sites within the overall range traditionally occupied by calving cow elk from May 15 to June 15, or migratory corridors through which large numbers of animals seasonally move; the loss or alteration of which would manifest itself negatively for long term herd productivity and/or management Limiting Factors (as codes drawn in the color of the appropriate map layer , red, green or blue)
Issues which presently or in the near term (3-5 years) may affect elk habitat and elk management at landscape and or herd unit levels. Categories may include: domestic livestock forage competition, habitat succession, urban sprawl and habitat conversion, public recreation use, increased road densities, riparian impacts, timber harvest impacts, depredation and artificial feeding.
CRITERIA
The biologists were asked to map elk habitats, regardless of jurisdiction or ownership boundaries, using of medium tip "Flair" pens or the equivalent. They drew summer and winter range on the map with their respective colors(green and red) as defined. The minimum size for any area mapped is one (1) square mile. Delineated areas were supposed to address currently occupied habitats; the species annual biological habitat needs were to have been be emphasized over jurisdiction or ownership boundaries for this project's objectives. Biologists then drew, within the larger areas of winter and summer range, any smaller areas of crucial habitats as defined. Maintain the same green-summer, red-winter color scheme and place an appropriately colored "C" in the smaller area. Minimum area size for the subsets is one (1) square mile. Delineated, if applicable, any special or important areas as defined in blue. Parturition areas of initialized with a blue "P", migratory corridors are initialized with a blue "X". Minimum area size is one (1) square mile. For each polygon, indicated up to three, subjectively-based "most likely Limiting factors", if applicable, from the below list.
In addition to the limiting factors mapped in the Montana collaborative workshops, the Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks also had their biologists indicate limiting factors for elk management units under their jurisdiction. These were mapped on 8" x 11" maps of management units. These limiting factors were attributed on the elk management unit layer whiuch was unioned with the winter and summer range. The intersections of these map layers allowed operators to assign the limiting factors originally assigned to EMU's to the previously mapped polygons.
LIMITING FACTOR CODE, LIMITING FACTOR CATEGORY 0, Domestic livestock forage competition 1, Habitat succession/ maturation 2, Urban sprawl 3, Public land habitat availability 4, Increased road densities 5, Riparian impacts 6, Timber harvest impacts 7, Depredation 8, Limited private land access 9, Artificial feeding A, Habitat conversion B, Social carrying capacity exceeded D, Late seral stages needed E, Special Situation. Habitat where elk populations may occur, intermittently, in small numbers. In some instances, the public may receive wildlife viewing, photographic or consumptive recreation value from the present population. However, land ownership, social carrying capacity consideration and small size or configuration of the land base is not suitable to manage for increasing elk populations at the present time. Wildlife management agencies may not be emphasizing elk habitat or population management and may not be budgeting or conducting public involvement for administrative purposes.
LIMITING FACTOR EXAMPLES AND POTENTIAL RMEF/PARTNERS MITIGATION ACTIONS
Domestic Livestock Competition: inadequate range utilization, forage production downturn Actions: Seedings/fertilizations, water developments, pasture fencing, prescribed burns
Habitat Succession/Maturation: canopy closure, seral stage advancement, mature forage height Actions: Prescribed burns, mechanical forage manipulations
Urban Sprawl/Habitat Conversion: human habitat encroachment, detrimental land use changes Actions: Acquisitions, conservation easements, land exchanges
Public Land Availability: shortage of public lands to actively manage habitat for expanded herds Actions: Acquisitions, conservation easements, land exchanges
Increased Road Densities: motorized access, lower habitat effectiveness and elk security Actions: road closures, access information campaigns, road removal/rehabilitation
Riparian Impacts: concentrated animal groups, habitat overutilization Actions: off-site forage enhancements, water developments, riparian fencing
Timber Harvest Impacts: increased open road densities, vegetation quality/quantity Actions: road closures, seedings, fertilizations
Depredation: fence damage, standing forage loss, haystack damage Actions: public lands habitat enhancement, private lands habitat enhancement
Limited Private Land Access: private lands block public land hunt access, "refuge" situations Actions: conservation easements, access easements
Artificial Feeding: public agency supplemental feeding, private lands "emergency" feeding Actions: fertilization, seedings, prescribed burns, mechanical manipulations
Habitat conversion: e.g. burning, disking, herbicide treatment... Action: plant management actions which modify the vegetative cover and possibly other environmental aspects.
Social carrying capacity exceeded: i.e. low landowner tolerance. Action: collaborative agreements with land owners/agencies providing monetary advantages or other satisfactory results, modified management strategies.
Late seral stages needed: e.g. to increase hiding and/or thermal cover Action: collaborative management to increase late successional stages.
Special Situation: The concern exists that "Special Situation" habitat may draw attention to fringe areas which may be high profile but expensive and provide little return to the States/Provinces elk population/habitat production and potential. However, under the current situation of status quo, the existing land base, elk population and public acceptance and use could remain stable for an extended period of time. Action: social/political and economic considerations may warrant the formation of partnership which can provide opportunities to maintain "Special Situation" habitat and/or improve it.
PROCESS In some instances the mapping was done individually and in others it was done in collaborative workshops. Difference of opinion, particularly relating to limiting factors to elk habitat were represented in the maps. Each participating agency has a different mandate, and the management objectives arising from these mandates influence the biologists perception of these limiting factors. When different biologists assigned different polygon boundaries, the cumulative extent (outer-most boundaries) were used. To accomplish this a series of ARC/INFO process steps resulted in a union of each different source map and subsequent dissolving of all interior polygon boundaries. Winter range polygons were attributed with a consistent color and letter scheme in the mapping directions. All attributes were double checked with a 100% coverage by a different operator than the digitizer. Source maps are available, stored at the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation. Margin notes and annotation provided on the maps were not transcribed. Prior to dissolving winter range polygons an interim GIS map coverage was created with variables tracking source polygons and all database attributes. The Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation chose to minimize database attributes by splitting each polygon theme out as an individual map coverage or shapefile, and dissolve all internal lines.
Logical_Consistency_Report: Polygon and arc-node topology were created and carried over in converting native ARC/INFO coverages to ARC/INFO Shapefiles
Completeness_Report: The spatial resolution of this data was mapped on two paper sources. Some portions of the state were incomplete. The list below provides a summary of map layers and map sources provided by Montana wildlife biologists cooperating in the project. Consistent color coding and attributing was asked of all biologists, but no specific business rules were provided to the biologists to restrict the polygon size and shape. As a result, there is some variance in the size and shape of habitat polygons between different geographic areas and administrative jurisdictions.
HABITAT MAPS RECEIVED FROM FWP Region 1 FWP Region 2- no limiting factors FWP Region 3 FWP Region 4 - no limiting factors FWP Region 5- no limiting factors FWP Region 6&7- no limiting factors Bitterroot National Forest Custer National Forest- no limiting factors Gallatin National Forest Helena National Forest- no limiting factors Lewis & Clark National Forest Lolo National Forest Charles M. Russell National Wildlife Refuge Crow-Northern Cheyenne Tribe Flathead National Forest (digital files in ARC/INFO format, no data provided Beaverhead National Forest (digital files in ARC/INFO format, no meta data provided) Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes (digital files in ARC/INFO format, metadata provided in paper form. Original metadata is on file at the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation) FWP - all regions - base maps provided by Kalispell Office (digital files in ARC?INFO format. Original metadata is on file at the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation)
MAP SOURCES - all maps are paper unless noted FWP Region 1 250K: RMEF Base map (2) 125K: Rexford Ranger District Road Access map FWP Region 2 250K: RMEF Base map (1) FWP Region 3 250K: RMEF Base map (3) FWP Region 4 250K: RMEF Base map (2) 100K: BLM Surface Management Status map - Great Falls (xerox copy of portion) 100K: BLM Surface Management Status map - Canyon Ferry (xerox copy of portion) FWP Region 5 250K: RMEF Base map (1) FWP Region 6&7 250K: RMEF Base map (1) 100K: BLM Surface Management Status map - Melstone Bitterroot National Forest 100K: BLM Surface Management Status map - Hamilton, Nez Perce Pass, Wisdom Custer National Forest 100K: BLM Surface Management Status map - Lame Deer, Ekalaka, Powderville, Broadus, Birney Gallatin National Forest 100K: BLM Surface Management Status map - Big Timber Helena National Forest & Deerlodge National Forest 100K: BLM Surface Management Status map - Elliston, Townsend, Butte N., Butte S., Canyon Ferry, Dearborn, Philipsburg Lewis & Clark National Forest Unknown Scale: Lewis & Clark National Forest plots (6-mylar) Lolo National Forest 100K: BLM Surface Management Status map - Missoula W, Plains, Wallace, Thompson Falls, Missoula East, Seeley Lake Charles M. Russell National Wildlife Refuge 100K: BLM Surface Management Status map - Fort Peck Lake East, Fort Peck Lake West, Sand Springs, Zortman Revisions on 250K: RMEF Base map (2) Crow-Northern Cheyenne Tribe 250K: RMEF Base map (1) Revisions on 250K: RMEF Base map (2)
Positional_Accuracy Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
The source maps for this project were mapped at two scales, 1:100,000 and 1:250,000. In some cases agencies provided digital source data and paper plots at various scales. Some maps were folded and mailed. All maps received in non-digital form were digitized with registration tolerances not exceeding the following: skew error less than 0.1% and scale mismatch less than 0.3%. If a map exceeded these tolerances, it was registered up to three times and error accepted if the error factors were consistent.
Vertical_Positional_Accuracy Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: There were no vertical attributes in these files. Lineage Source_Information Source_Citation Citation_Information Originator: Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation Publication_Date: 19990201 Title: Status of North American Elk Habitat Project Edition: First Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map Publication_Information Publication_Place: Missoula, Montana Publisher: Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation Source_Scale_Denominator: 250,000 Type_of_Source_Media: Paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19961016 Ending_Date: 19990201 Source_Currentness_Reference: Date of publication Source_Citation_Abbreviation: ARC/INFO Shapefile Source_Contribution: The RMEF extends our sincere thank you to the many staff members of State Wildlife Management Agencies, Federal Resource Management Agencies such as U.S. D.A., Forest Service and U.S.D.I., Bureau of Land Management, Tribal Nations and Canadian Resource Ministries from six Provinces for their tremendous cooperation in the production of The Status of North American Elk Habitat Project. Elk habitat was mapped by over fifty wildlife biologists in Montana in individual and collaborative sessions.
Base maps, digitizing and GIS processing was conducted by Geodata Services, Inc., Missoula, Montana.
Process_Step Process_Description: The 1:250,000 scale maps used in this project were created by Geodata Services, Inc. The intent of the base maps were to provide a visual reference, with information needed by the field biologist, but a minimal amount of clutter. The base maps included shade relief depicting topography, rivers, streams and lake edges, major highways, towns and places, county lines and ocean where applicable (not applicable in Montana). The shaded relief maps were based on Defense Mapping Agency (DMA)1:250,000 scale digital elevation model (DEM) files which have a 90 percent probability of 30 meter accuracy. See also http://edcwww.cr.usgs.gov/glis/hyper/guide/1_dgr_dem for further descriptions of this base data. A color shaded relief map was created for each map tile using the default ARC/INFO hillshade command. The shaded relief map was developed with a color ramp depicting elevation strata. The AML was based on the RELIEF.AML provided by Jeffery S. Nighbert, Bureau of Land Management, 1515SW 5th Ave., Portland, Oregon 97208, phone 503-952-6399, email: jnighber@or.blm.gov. The AML used in this process is on file at the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation. Streams, rivers and lake edges were plotted from three hydrography data sets (preliminary RF3, at a scale of 1:100,000) data provided by the Northwest Office of the EPA. These data sets were unofficial, but provided enough detail and accuracy to provide a frame of reference for the biologists to locate themselves on the map. The three data sets included the Pacific Northwest data, the Western data set and the Eastern dataset. Some overlap existed in the datasets and some errors were apparent. Before plotting the hydrography, streams with line segments longer than 4,500 meters were selected to provide map text and annotation (otherwise the amount of text would have overwhelmed everything else). Towns and cities were obtained from the Geographic Names Information System. County boundaries major roads and highways were plotted using the sample data sets that accompany Arcview, an ESRI software product.
These base maps were 34" x 48" ("map" dimensions actually about 32" x 40"), in a map tile structure based on aggregates of 1:250,000 US Geological Survey map tiles. Two of the DMA DEM files comprise one USGS map tile at that scale. The map tiles used for this project comprised two USGS map tiles (orfour DEM tiles). Each base map was uniquely numbered and an index map was developed for the contiguous US. This map is on file at the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation.
Process_Date: 19990201 Process_Contact Contact_Information Contact_Person_Primary Contact_Organization: Geodata Services, Inc. Contact_Person: Ken Wall Contact_Position: President Contact_Address Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 104 South Ave. E. City: Missoula State_or_Province: Montana Postal_Code: 59801 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (406) 721-8865 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (406) 721-1023 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: kwall@geodata-mt.com Hours_of_Service: 8am-5pm, Monday - Friday
SPATIAL_DATA_ORGANIZATION_INFORMATION
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Point_and_Vector_Object_Information SDTS_Terms_Description SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: GT-polygon composed of chains Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 341
SPATIAL_REFERENCE_INFORMATION
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition Planar Map_Projection Map_Projection_Name: Albers Conical Equal Area Albers_Conical_Equal_Area: 1st_Standard_Parallel: 46:00:00 2nd_Standard_Parallel: 48:00:00 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -109:30:00 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 44:15:00 False_Easting: 600000 False_Northing: 0 Planar_Coordinate_Information Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: Coordinate pair Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: Ordinate_Resolution: Planar_Distance_Units: Meters Geodetic_Model Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum 1927 Ellipsoid_Name: Clarke 1866 Semi-major_Axis: 6378206.4 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 294.98
ENTITY_AND_ATTRIBUTE_INFORMATION
Detailed_Description Entity_Type Entity_Type_Label: winterhab.dbf Entity_Type_Definition: Shapefile Attribute Table Entity_Type_Definition_Source: None Attribute Attribute_Label: Area Attribute_Definition: Area of polygon Attribute_Definition_Source: Software computed Attribute_Domain_Values Range_Domain Range_Domain_Minimum: 262.96604 Range_Domain_Maximum: 12700849739.16637 Attribute Attribute_Label: Perimeter Attribute_Definition: Perimeter of polygon Attribute_Definition_Source: Software computed Attribute_Domain_Values Range_Domain Range_Domain_Minimum: 100.92706 Range_Domain_Maximum: 1173791.48615 Attribute Attribute_Label: Winterdp_ Attribute_Definition: ARC/INFO System Variable - Internal ID Attribute_Definition_Source: User Defined Attribute_Domain_Values Range_Domain Range_Domain_Minimum: 2 Range_Domain_Maximum: 342 Attribute Attribute_Label: Winterdp_i Attribute_Definition: ARC/INFO System Attribute - Unique identifier Attribute_Definition_Source: User Defined Attribute_Domain_Values Range_Domain Range_Domain_Minimum: 1 Range_Domain_Maximum: 341 Attribute Attribute_Label: Hab Attribute_Definition: Winter Range Habitat Attribute_Definition_Source: User Defined Attribute_Domain_Values Unrepresentable_Domain: Character field
DISTRIBUTION_INFORMATION
Distributor Contact_Information Contact_Organization_Primary Contact_Organization: Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation Contact_Person: Kevin Lackey Contact_Position: Director of Conservation Programs Contact_Address Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 2291 W. Broadway, P.O. Box 8429 City: Missoula State_or_Province: Montana Postal_Code: 59802 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (406) 523-4500 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (406) 523-4581 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: lackey@rmef.org Hours_of_Service: 8am-5pm , Monday - Friday Resource_Description: Status of Elk Habitat-Montana
Distribution_Liability: Users must assume responsibility to determine the accuracy of this data for their purposes. This data set is to be used as a primary reference source. Photographic or digital enlargement of this map to scales greater than 1:250,000 can cause misrepresentation of the data. If enlarged, the maps will not include the fine detail that would be appropriate for mapping at the large scale. No warranty expressed or implied is made by the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation or Geodata Services, Inc. regarding the utility of the data on any other system, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation, nor Geodata Services, Inc. are liable for misuse of the data. Nor are they liable for damage, transmission of viruses, or computer contamination through the distribution of these data sets.
Copyright © 1997 by the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced in any form, including via an information storage and retrieval system or transmittal in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation. All requests for permission to reproduce material from this work should be directed to Conservation Programs Director, Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation, P.O. Box 8249, Missoula, MT 59807-8249. The author and publisher may allow reproduction of material from this work, upon written permission, for the purposes of assisting public resource managers and furthering the knowledge of wildlife and habitat management in academic settings. No material from this work may be reproduced for commercial purposes.
Distribution_Liability:
Users must assume responsibility to determine the accuracy of this data for their purposes. This data set is to be used as a primary reference source. Photographic or digital enlargement of this map to scales greater than 1:250,000 can cause misrepresentation of the data. If enlarged, the maps will not include the fine detail that would be appropriate for mapping at the large scale. No warranty expressed or implied is made by the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation or Geodata Services, Inc. regarding the utility of the data on any other system, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation, nor Geodata Services, Inc. are liable for misuse of the data. Nor are they liable for damage, transmission of viruses, or computer contamination through the distribution of these data sets.
Copyright © 1997 by the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced in any form, including via an information storage and retrieval system or transmittal in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation. All requests for permission to reproduce material from this work should be directed to Conservation Programs Director, Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation, P.O. Box 8249, Missoula, MT 59807-8249. The author and publisher may allow reproduction of material from this work, upon written permission, for the purposes of assisting public resource managers and furthering the knowledge of wildlife and habitat management in academic settings. No material from this work may be reproduced for commercial purposes.
Standard_Order_Process Digital_Form Digital_Transfer_Information Digital_Transfer_Information Format_Name: ARCS - ARC/INFO Shapefile Digital_Transfer_Option Offline_Option Offline_Media: CD ROM Recording_Format: ISO 9660 Compatibility_Information: ISO 966 format allows the CDROM to be read by most computer operating systems. Fees: Contact Kevin Lackey, Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation
METADATA_REFERENCE_INFORMATION
Metadata_Date: 19990201 Metadata_Review_Date: 20040201 Metadata_Contact Contact_Information Contact_Organization_Primary Contact_Organization: Geodata Services, Inc. Contact_Person: Ken Wall Contact_Position: President Contact_Address Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 104 South Ave. E. City: Missoula State_or_Province: Montana Postal_Code: 59801 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (406) 721-8865 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (406) 721-1023 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: kwall@geodata-mt.com Hours_of_Service: 8am-5pm Monday - Friday Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Meta Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998